Diabetic eye disease, including diabetic retinopathy, can affect people with diabetes and may develop without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. It occurs when diabetes damages the blood vessels supplying the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.

As the condition progresses, symptoms may include blurry vision or dark/black spots in the field of vision. Early detection and monitoring are important to help prevent vision loss and identify complications requiring further treatment.

Who Is at Risk?

People with Type 1, Type 2, or gestational diabetes can develop diabetic retinopathy. The risk generally increases the longer a person has diabetes.

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For individuals with diabetes, regular eye examinations, at least annually, are important for monitoring eye health.

How Is It Detected?

Diabetic retinopathy is best assessed through a comprehensive eye examination. When appropriate, pupils may be dilated to provide a better view of the inside of the eyes. Your eye care professional will examine the internal and external structures of the eyes for abnormalities.

Dilating drops can temporarily cause blurred vision, with their effects generally wearing off within a few hours.

Monitoring & Management

Management depends on the severity and progression of the condition.

• Mild or moderate disease may be monitored alongside appropriate diabetes management with your healthcare team.

• More advanced disease may require referral for treatments such as injections, laser treatment, or vitrectomy.

Early detection and prompt referral are essential in reducing the risk of complications and visual loss.